Project Management Methodologies and When to Use Them

At a high level, the major differences in project management methodologies are whether a project is fully mapped out in detail prior to the project beginning, or whether the project is planned in smaller sections of work.

Interestingly, the majority of project managers I’ve worked with in the marketing and design world do not formally follow any project management methodology. Analyzing their work and workflow, as well as my own, most projects fall somewhere between traditional waterfall project management with some Agile sentiments incorporated for good measure.

Traditional Project Management Methodologies

Traditional project management methodologies include Waterfall and the Critical Path Method (CPM). These methodologies scope out an entire project, with tasks listed in order, from the beginning. The Critical Path Method also includes which tasks are dependent on another in order to start.

Pros of Traditional Project Management

• Every single task is clearly identified at the beginning of a project.
• Roles & responsibilities are clear, and each task has a clear owner.
• The timeline is set, and each team member can plan for their portion of the work.
  There is no ambiguity.

Cons of Traditional Project Management

• Lack of ambiguity also means lack of flexibility.
• When project priorities or requirements change, or when a task doesn’t go as planned, the entire remaining project plan must be re-created or the project must proceed without the changes incorporated.
• If changes are made in the middle of a project, there can be a significant increase in cost and/or time to delivery

When to use: For projects that are straightforward and unlikely to change. This works best for small, extremely well-defined projects with a single stakeholder.

Agile

Agile project management was born in the software industry and emphasizes flexibility within a framework. The Agile Manifesto identifies four key tenants:

1. Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
2. Working software over comprehensive documentation
3. Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
4. Responding to change over following a plan

Agile project management divides the work into short “sprints” Variations of the Agile method continue to evolve, and include Scrum and Kanban, among others.

Pros of Agile Project Management

• Flexibility
• Phased approach provides a built-in mechanism for testing and feedback before committing large amounts of time and money

Cons of Agile Project Management

• Scope creep (adding more and more to a project compared to what was originally planned) is easy
• Risk for minimal documentation to end up being no documentation

When to use: For projects where full requirements are not known at the beginning of the project, or where priorities are likely to shift, thus affecting . This encompasses many larger projects in the creative and marketing space!

Lean & Six Sigma

Lean, Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma are manufacturing-based project management philosophies that focus on reducing waste in all areas. Waste applies to any input, such as wasted time, defective product, excess materials and more.

Fun fact: Lean Six Sigma was the first formal project methodology that I was trained on in my corporate career. Our team’s pilot project was revamping a supply chain process, which was fun.

Pros of Lean Six Sigma

• Focus on waste elimination requires questioning every step of a process, and is more likely to lead to extreme change that saves significant amount of money, leading to increased profits.

Cons of Lean Six Sigma

• Lean Six Sigma’s focus on reducing waste has potential to cramp creativity.
  Unless time management is an extreme challenge, Lean Six Sigma is less relevant in the digital and information product space.

When to use: Most effective with physical products (Hi Esty shop friends!) or where excess time waste is a challenge.

There are a number of other project management methodologies that are less relevant for our purposes. If you’re interested in further reading, and links out to additional resources this article on the Wrike blog has further descriptions.

Read the rest of the Project Management for Creatives series here.

Have you ever used a formal project management methodology? What was your experience? If not, which methodology feels most relevant to your work?